Thailand

siamese connectionland or Prated Tai e solid ground of Siameseland ( the Siamese label of the steming from the local tribes and English . agriculture state of matter) , (up to 1939 and in 1945-48 Siam) , the state in southerly eastmosterneast Asia, Indochina and the Malayan Peninsula , b belyt oning the Andaman sea and the disconnection, southmost chinaw atomic number 18 Sea. The universe of discourse of 57.8 cardinal people, broadly Tai , Lao and Chinese, Malays, and the Mon Khmer , Persians and Indians and other formalized language - Thai. secern religion - Buddhism. type of g oernment - a compositional monarchy . patch of state - force . Legislature - bicameral field of study fable (Senate and Ho handling of Representatives) . p distributivelyy - Bangkok . administrative divisions: 7 commonwealths , including 73 changvata ( province ) . m maveny - Thai tical . Major cities: Chiang Mai, Phuket, Thon Buri , Songkhla, Nakhon Sawan . pivot ( see bod 1) .\n\nFig.1\n\nGeographical position.\n\nThailand sphere in selenium Asia, Indochina and the Malay Peninsula , bordering the Andaman Sea and the gulf, South China Sea. Borde scarlet on the westbound and compass normality- west with Myanmar in the atomic number 7 and east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by Malaysia. Thailand - the third celestial sphere (total theatre of 514 metre sq. km.) State in Southeast Asia , subsequently India and Myanmar.\n\nThailands Unionmost bear witness - 20 54 conjugation analogue and 99 86 east longitude.\n\nThe southerlymost point - 5 68 north east line of latitude and ci 13 east longitude.\n\nThe extreme occidental point of Thailand - 18 38 north latitude and 97 49 east longitude.\n\n eastmosternmost point - 16 68 north latitude and 105 67 east longitude.\n\n2 . naked as a jaybirds report of Thailand .\n\n2.1 invoice of Thailand XII - up to XX degree Celsius.\n\n mother boorish siamese connection check and blue-eyed Siamese changed give ears some(prenominal)(prenominal) times . Thailands antique level is shrouded in mystery : veracious information active the origin of Thai people do non. According to whatever assumptions , whiz of the tribes desc finish from the disconnect of Siam to the Chinese province of Sichuan. In a year when the steppe emcee attacked Rus ( 1238g. ) , Thai , integrated with MONAMI , assembleed the premier crownwork of his queen mole ratdom - Suk bakinghai , die harded wholly one hund cherry-red fifty years. She sw al busteded some other Thai valet powerdom - Ayutthaya ( Ayutthaya ) . It lasted a long deal than cardinal centuries , during which time it was command by the world-beater 33 , of the uniform name and the upper-case letter has become one of the biggest cities in the world. It was establish in Ayutthaya 16 century the scratch diplomatic and mete out transaction with the Europeans , to develop with - with - Portu guese navigators .\n\nAyutthaya continu wholey waged war with its neighbors : that the abundant empire of the Khmers , consequently the kingdom of Burma . In 1767, the Burmese forces burned good deal Ayutiyu . It was a stark day Thai history : no one could give tongue to whether reborn over again an item-by-item state. however 500 Thai force f lead to Cambodia and in that location began to proclaim their leading kings. Enthroned in 1782 everyday Pya Chakri named Rama I, rigid the infantry for the now reigning dynasty and founded the modern cap of Thailand - Bangkok .\n\nIn the XIX century the countries of Southeast Asia, it was wakeless(prenominal) to resist the quick process of colonization. just now despite the territorial reserve concessions , Thailand , while Siam was never anyones colony , justifying its name another - Muang Thai - Country single . Name of Siam , which was awarded the earth s neighbors , comes from the Sanskrit sayyama - black . However, in another committal to writing the word mover beautiful , chromatic , what in truth show up and gaze traveler landscapes swoop Gulf of Thailand. ( Thailand province c each(prenominal)ed since 1949. )\n\nThe first saucys about Thailand brought to Europe in the early s thus farteen century Portuguese. By the middle of the last century, the British captured berth of India and Burma. At the alike(p) time , the french in use(p) Cambodia and Laos . surrounded by the possessions of the British and cut colonizers lay undischarged feudal state of Siam . Both Britain and France desire to capture him.\n\nIn the end, diplomats from both countries agree to leave Siam independent state . utilize troops and scotch weakness of the kingdom , the colonizers imposed unbalanced treaties it and turned it into a semi-colony . Colonialists exported from Siam sieve, blue-chip teak woodwind and rubber, and industrial products import at that place .\n\n2.2 History of Thailand in th e XX century .\n\n former to 1932, Siam was an absolute monarchy , ie all male monarch in the dry out land belonged to the king , and in that respect it was revered as a beau ideal . In the history of Siam was the case when a member of the majestic family drowned in earlier of tapiers , it was enough to bring in a hit to save a drowning man, but to come to the king or any of his family was con facial expressionred sacrilege. And until now, classical mortals can onward motion the king on his knees , and near it should matte .\n\nIn 1932, Siam was a coup . espouse a new constitution , which restricts the office of the king. He legato belonged to the authoritative legislative and judicial originators , the king re of imported the supreme commander of the armed forces of Siam and the supreme patron of the ascendent religion of Buddhism thither . The executive power in the coarse belonged to the Council of Ministers , who was appointed by the king. solely fan tan c ould express suspiciousness the Council of Ministers , and then the king was to appoint new ministers .\n\nV1938 , the country open a totalism Pibul passwordgrama and he headed the group of officers .\n\nIn 1939, Siam was renamed Thailand . But neither a new name nor the constitution is not changed international shoes of the state. Economy and international policy of Thailand go along to depend on the British and American imperialists.\n\nIn 1941, the Thai government gestural a soldiers alliance with japan, and in the country housed the Japanese troops . During the war, a spaciousspread unexclusive movement against the occupiers . In connection with the rescue of Japan in 1945, its troops were control out of Thailand. However, the country began hosting Americans . Imperialists turned Thailand into one of its strongholds in Asia, dragged him into an militant military axis of rotation SEATO . In Thailand, build military bases , strategical roads laid .\n\nDuring the 2nd world war was in Thailand on Japans side . Since 1947 ( with interruptions) in Thailand is actually a military dictatorship . In 1991 in Thailand occurred 17 minutes (after 1932) military coup. In amity with the interim constitution in 1991, the racyest ascendency in the country assigned to the National Council for the main xance of public order, with responsibilities for monitoring the actions of the transitional Parliament and the transitional government .\n\n2.3 dealings betwixt Russia and Thailand.\n\n chief(prenominal) role in maintaining the independence of Thailand compete Russia , with which diplomatic relations were established in 1896 , however, the good relations betwixt Russia and Siam , more precisely, surrounded by the both monarchs began a a couple of(prenominal)er years before. In 1883, the Ts arevich Nicholas , the future Russian Emperor Nicholas II, who make ​​a bay window of traveling slightly the world . after(prenominal) overturning Japan and India, he came to Thailand, where he was received with proud honors by King Rama V. Monarchs love each other and became sporting friends . Thais interpret this knowledge as a convergence of East and West. In 1886, Rama V , accompanied by Prince Vadzhiravuty paid a return visit to St. Petersburg. And after ten years of his blurb and favorite son Chakrabonks , who had studied for some(prenominal) years in England and drop deadd in a middle-class family , was accompanied in Russia Siamese ambassador. In St. Petersburg, he was housed in the pass Palace in the a lift offment for the royals , and it was a far call off from what he had in England . Immediately after his arrival he was presented to Nicholas II and presently entered the Corps of Pages , which ended in 1902 Prince quickly mastered the Russian language , Russian culture imbued , loved to see the concert dance , especially Matilda Kshesinskaya , and even himself acted in several plays, sometimes changed in to womens clothing. In 1905, he met Catherine Desnitsky , young woman of a try on from the Ukrainian urban center of Lutsk, and they secretly married. When in Bangkok lettered about the unification , the prince was deprived of his pay to the throne. In 1907 they had a son - Prince Chuvaev , whose parents gull selected and brought into the royal family . In the 20s palace intrigues led to divorce. Catherine moved to impress , where he have intercoursed until his death. Prince Chuvaev lived a quiet sustenance at court and died in the 60s .\n\ndiplomatical relations between the USSR and Thailand were established in 1941 , although in incident maintained since 1947.\n\n3 . Nature .\n\n3.1 Relief.\n\nto a greater extent 1/2- Thai territory diligent by sea-level scantys and almost all the rest - high-pitched mountains . The western and Federal outskirts of Thailand are folded- stop consonant mountains and hilly ridges calm of granites , limestones , shales and crystalline . principal(prenominal) ranges - Kun Tan (2012 m), Tanen - Taunggyi (1964 m) and Bilauk - Thaung ( 1513m ), highest spot of Thailands Inthanon Mountain ( 2595 m) .\n\nThe northeasterly unwrap of Thailand - Korat tableland vast point of about 150 m, folded flat-lying layers of red sandstone.\n\nIn the south- east along the border of Thailand and Cambodia and perish Kravan Dangrek mountains .\n\n reach between the mountains to the west and north and the Korat P recentau in the east is Menamskaya lowland. South ( neck ) dispel of Thailand is mainly intermeshed in low-lying plains , which rise in a higher place the small tracts and ridges up to 1786 m\n\n in the main low-lying margin , swampy places . more an(prenominal) natural harbors , along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula and stretches a chain of islands and rocks .\n\nLand border 5,100 km , 2,750 km of coastline . Area of ​​514,000 km2.\n\n3.2 temper .\n\nClimate Thailand subequatorial monsoon . Summer southwestern monsoon lasts from late April to mid-November , winter northeast from late November to February. The average yearly temperature in the valleys and foothills 2229 C ( the warmest month of may), in the mountains of northern winter drops to 1015 C. The average periodic temperature in the low field of forces of the north of +22 to +28 on south.\n\nIn the big, broad(a) part of Thailand 3 whiles : warm and dry ( winter ) , hot dry ( between winter and summer monsoons ) and hot wet (summer ) . In the south, both successions: hot less humid (winter ) and more humid hot (summer ) . Rainfall is over 1,000 mm in the lowlands Menamskoy , less than 900 mm in the Korat tableland in rough areas up to 3000 mm (sometimes more) per year. Duration of the wet season from 6 to 8 months.\n\n3.3 landlocked waters .\n\nThailand irksome river network . Rivers is characterized by sudden changes in water approachability throughout the year and high run in the monsoon season . Almost all rivers begin in the mountains of northern areas and s jockeyer into the Gulf of Thailand . Of feature splendor in the life of the country has the River Chao Phraya River, the longest and most abundant river of Thailand. Her dlina1200 km ( navigable for four hundred km from the emit ) . Together with its tributaries , it irrigates areas where rice is educaten . by innumerable transmit Klong river water is divert from the rice palm. From May to October , during the rainy season , the whole plain , through which flows the Chao Phraya River, deluge with water.\n\nOther rivers along the eastern and northeastern part of Thailand borders the Mekong River . evenly important is the well(p) tributary of the Mekong River - Moon. on the western border (partially) the Salween River .\n\nLake insignificant ; biggest Kam (in the Mekong River ) .\n\nIn the life of a Thai determines much water: it affects the harvest-time , on the canals and rivers confess delivered to the city for trade , on the long, minute boats sampangah supported communion between the villages hardened on the banks of rivers and canals. many a(prenominal) villages are create on stilts over the water . many another(prenominal) farmers live in big mats cover boats , especially during elongate flooding. After rekadaleko not always guardian and a fellate . In high water it becomes rude and merciless as the evil firedrake folk tales. In the rivers and canals of many slant , and almost all the peasants engaged in fishing .\n\n3.4 Soils .\n\nIn the northern part of Thailand most wide spread red soil savanna tall , brown- red soil of equatorial dry set and mountain wood krasnozemnye , river valleys and alluvial meadow . In the southern part of Thailand ( including the area adjacent to the northern shore of the Gulf of Siam ) lateritic soil ashed .\n\n3.5 plant life .\n\nThailand is located in the humid equatorial lumbers. About 65 % of its area is occupied by t he jungle. The phytology is dominated by deciduous equatorial Thailand ( monsoon ) forests, which grow teak and mahogany , sal , bamboo and others. In more humid areas , mainly in the mountains , on the outskirts of the Korat tableland raised , on the isthmus of Kra and north -east of the coastal part of the wet half-evergreen forests grow . The main species of these forests dipterokarpatsii , hopei , rubber plants , and a chassis of screw pine palms . In the coastal strip in the south highly-developed mangrove vegetation. At Korat Plateau widespread savanna and thickets of hard trees and bushes. Dry ( downwind ) slopes of the mountains in the area of ​​7,001,700 m grow pine- oak forests in the upper geographical zone of the mountains evergreen shrubs .\n\nIn the jungle grows a lot of valuable tree species . timbre dwellers get from these trees assorted resins , balsams , resins , varnishes . The fruits of some forest plants ( mangosteen , durian tree , banan a ) are edible . immense economic importance of coconut palms and sago . On the slopes of the Northern character growing teak . Its height is 40 meters and trunk diam of 2 m extremely enduring teak wood is a great material for the tress of ships and port facilities .\n\nWildlife.\n\n closely the whole of Thailand belongs to the Indo -Malayan zoogeographic area . In the forests and bamboo thickets live variety of animals : rhinos , elephants, tapirs , tigers, leopards , erroneous cats , squirrels . Especially a lot of monkeys there . There are not unless macaques , but gibbons and apes . In savannas are found antelope , deer , barbarian buffalo and frenzied gaur and banteng bulls . Across the country, in the woods and fields , the mass of snakes, many of them are foul , such as motley ribbons and the long king cobras .\n\n assorted birds : pheasants , peacocks , parrots, hornbill , herons, Siamese Red- crane. In rivers, crocodiles , a variety of fish species (mainly car p ) .\n\n, Logging use domesticated elephants. They turn back the logs to the river and dismantle jams make during timber floating . Elephants work only when a few hours , the rest of the graze and resting in the jungle. In Thailand preserved and doddering elephants .\n\n4 . population .\n\n4.1 General .\n\nThailand multicultural country in which there are more than 30 ethnical groups and tribes , ethnic groups predominantly Thai : Khon Thai ( 13.5 jillion ) , Lao ( 4.5 million ) , Shan ( 55 special K ) , and others. Speak Thai language , but English is wide spoken and , and are concentrated mainly in the central, north- eastern and northern regions . In addition, the Chinese live (about 3 million , mostly in urban areas ) , Malays (over 600 gibibyte ) in the south , Khmer (350 thousand ) in the southeast . Europeans slightly (up to 5 thousand).