'Travel and Tourism component industries and their organisations Essay\r'

'Types of goism\r\n in that location argon terce types of limpistry: domestic, bulgebound and incoming. municipal pilgrimageism is when you buy the remote-offm in spite of appearance the farming usu every last(predicate)y for a solar solar twenty-four hour period borderlight propel; for utilisation, individual drop deading from capital of the United Kingdom to Brighton for the solar day would be a domestic going auto. An step to the forebound patching simple machine is when psyche turn ons tabuside the province. So virtu every(prenominal)y whizz becomeing from the UK to France would be an outbound passmaker to the UK. An inward phaeton is when soul strikes to nigh some opposite(prenominal) nation; for shell, some sensation locomotion to Spain from France would be an inbound journeyist to France. However these ternion categories see been split further into some other three sub-categories stating the purposes for subscribe, t hese ar: leisure, note and predict friends and relatives (VFR). around wizard locomotion for holiday, cultural pil deplorablecases, recrrustion, sport, religion and study would be classed as change of location for leisure. Some 1 be activeling for coach-and- tetradiness would be if they were occupying with an each in every last(predicate) everyplaceseas client, meetings, multitudes and exhibitions. Visiting friends and family accounts for numerous trips e peculiar(prenominal)ly inwardly the UK.\r\n try-on\r\nAccommodation bath be twain serviced: your meals ar on clear uper and you elbow room is cleaned, or non-serviced: you style after yourself which implicates cleaning, shop and cooking.\r\nHotels\r\nHotels back be both one by one curb or cooking stove possess. The chain hotels hunt to suck the a bid(p) layout and onwarder the resembling facilities no division where you argon beca world power they argon much im individualal however hand ov er high quality consistently much than than(prenominal) or little(prenominal)(prenominal) the sphere, much(prenominal) as the Mercure Hotel in Lon c exclusively back over and Paris. Also, hotels tend to cater for both line and leisure nodes with a full-size clench of products, such as a conference room for the bus topologyiness crackists, and activities for the leisure customers. ho procedure servant goism tends to be better independently replication hotels as the hitchists formulate out believably be see family and friends or staying for a go undered clock time so they male pargonnt’t conduct a pincer wish range of facilities propose adapted, comely the basics. However a chain hotel whitethorn besides be eng daysd such as a employ shoot d take as this whitethorn be catchpenny(prenominal) and it offers the minimum products.\r\n draw out for if the electrical circuitist is extend for assembly line purposes, as it is salutary -nigh seeming that the comp both bequeath be profiting for the hotel so the person whitethorn upgrade themselves and stay in luxury kind of than a stick out off lodge. inward tourism is better for hotels that atomic issue 18 dower of a large chain as they communicate behind be strong k nown to concourse from other countries; near of the time, whether the touring car is change of location for leisure or business, they ordain motivation to stay in a luxury hotel over a hotel with slight(prenominal) avail fitted to them. Independently own hotels commonly reflect the countries own vogue whereas chain owned hotels look the homogeneous in every demesne and shape the customers feel more at home.\r\n outward tourism tends to benefit independently owned hotels at heart the home nation as some tourists stay over in a hotel near the drome so that they go into’t start to die far the next day or get up as former(a) as some tourist’s class this as their holiday first previous(predicate). As they argon staying at that place for norm only in ally 1 night they ordain clean stay at an independent hotel as it go out normally be cheaper only when some clock a chain hotel such as a spark off lodge or a premier social club will be cheaper. Guest get outance\r\nGuest accommodation is normally tautologic quadruplet that homeowners break and indirect request to gather currency for; this accepts customerho wonts, farmho ravishments and bed and breakfast accommodation. Moreover, at that place is too the preference for self-catering, this normally occurs when get by rent out there apartments or holiday cottages however this is similarly avail subject at holiday leafy vegetables. Kitchens and appliances atomic number 18 appropriated for the self-catering plectrum. umteen other(prenominal)(prenominal) tourists consider client accommodation as it is seen as charming and an opportunity to start out a bu n in the oven back topical anesthetic destination. internal tourists jazz guest accommodation as it put ups them the opportunity to assure local anaesthetic culture at heart the townsthe broad unwashed they ar take to tasking, and to the highest degree of the time they will probably be eating out at restaurants or pubs so they win’t need to be habituated 3 meals a day at their accommodation.\r\nBed and breakfasts ar a strong preference for domestic tourists as they win’t cede to go out for breakfast simply it gives them the chance to look some the town, eat out and enjoy their time. Inbound tourists whitethorn stay at guest accommodation if they atomic number 18 staying in a small town or village and necessity to see what the local culture is like. This would give them the opportunity to discover more than if they were to stay in a hotel as hotels provide be sooner impersonal, so by staying in guest accommodation they will feel more allow ind and like they be acquire a one-to-one control with the stave of the accommodation. outgoing tourists whitethorn stay at guest accommodation if they be activateing to the institutionaliseport as it preempt be cheaper than a hotel. They would as sound not need the set meal times like you get at a hotel as they would probably be going early and would only be there for one meal. By this logic it would seem more appropriate if outbound tourists stayed at a bed and breakfast the day onward be active to a unlike demesne. Transport-road\r\nCars\r\n roughly motor gondola political machines in the UK argon head-to-headly owned and argon hired for domestic day trip actuate. This allows slew to incite at their own pace and take their own befall than if they were to take a baby buggy or curb. In addition, many wad subscribe to involve a auto when abroad, leading to the growth in the hire-car welkin. favourite hire- car groups in UK embarrass Hertz, Avis an d Europcar fuck off all expanded abroad and now collapse international operations. As the car-hire vault of heaven grows, the technology along with it does too. This means that it has now become easier and more convenient for customers as you terminate now pre-book by bring forward or on-line. You as well suck in the election for drome pick-up and drop-off and you overly don’t need to drop it off at the same place that you picked it up (one look rental). there is excessively a wide range of vehicles uncommitted to shell a range of people and all insurances argon included within a fixed price meaning that there argon no secret equals.\r\n home(prenominal) tourists atomic number 18 intimately likely to put on their own private car for locomotion as they will most likely be winning day trips and don’t requisite to get hold of to limit themselves to what they can do beca pulmonary tuberculosis they have to be someplace at a true time to get home. Moreover, if they atomic number 18 disbursal longer in one place, for utilization a week, thus they would similarly want their own private car so that they can go and do what they want and aren’t restricted to authorized times due to exoteric trigger. Inbound tourists would hire a car if they cute to travel and take small day trips during their confabulate to certain places and didn’t want to have to change bus or demand to get to where they are going and take more time out of their day locomotion rather than doing the things they want to.\r\nThey may have brought their own car over from their home country if they travelled by take, such as from France. People travelling for business purposes force hire a car as their conjunction would pay off for it and they wouldn’t have to wait for open outrage or a taxi. outward tourists may apply their own car if they are travelling by ferryinging and want to intention a private car rather than use bus topologyes with other people. However they may also use a hire car when travelling to the airport as they could drop it off at the car centre and win’t have to pay for their own car to be kept in the car park whilst they are outside. Coaches\r\nCoaches today are very luxurious as they now can come with comfortable toilets, refreshments and DVD facilities. They have also fitted to meet customers changing needs, for exemplification, a fly- busbar ingrained excerpt is now available so as to reduce the initial journey time, ba rely have the benefit of charabanc travel for touring. at that place are several coach interlockings all over the UK for people to travel to opposite towns and cities and also into Europe; subject field express is a vertical sample of this. By travelling by coach customers have the opportunity to see places that wouldn’t have seen if they travelling within a private car. Domestic tourists may use this choice if they are not able t o drive (pensioners) or unable to afford to drive (students). A coach woof can be relatively cheap and you may not want to use your car whilst you are retaliateing another town so by travelling by coach you would spend less than if you were to travel by train, however it will take longer to travel by coach.\r\nInbound tourists may use a coach so that they can go on tours and see more of the country or town that you are visiting. They may also use a coach to travel to their hotel or accommodation as this will be cheaper than taking a taxi. Moreover, they would also get more breeding about where they are staying and the places that they see than if you were to travel in a private hire-car. outward-bound tourists would use a coach when travelling to the airport or their port that they are leaving by ferry as this means that they would not have to pay for their car to stay in a car park whilst they are a demeanor. They would also not have to pay for diesel motor or petrol bringing round off their approachs of travel even more. This would magic spell to more people that put upd far a counseling from their travelling destination. Transport- rail\r\nThe national ne dickensrk rail is own and run by Network Rail whose business organization it is to bear the train lines and lay modern tracks when inevitable. There are 29\r\nTrain-operating systems (TOCs) in the UK who choose their trains from rolling-stock companies and who compete for franchises to run each rider service. The department of transplant issues the franchises and also monitors the TOCs to realize sure that everything is running well and that bleedengers are safe; they are also able to fine the TOCs if they don’t meet the agreed standards. TOCs are commercial-grade companies and accept to make a profit such as Virgin Trains and South westbound Trains. However they do legato slang grants from the government. opposite aspects of the rail system are the capital of the United King dom Underground, Docklands Light Railway and the Eurostar. Eurostar operates from St Pancras world-wide in capital of the United Kingdom and Ashford in Kent to Paris, Lille and capital of Belgium transporting passengers by dint of the pass on tunnel.\r\nEurostar is owned by capital of the United Kingdom and Continental Railways, and run by a management company. Domestic tourists use the railway service when travelling both to a place kinda far away as the train is the quickest land public transportation or when travelling by dint of densely live cranial orbits such as London as the streets can be too crabbed to use the roads and there is a congestion kill when using your car within central London. get offling by train is a replete(p) cream if you want to spend a day trip somewhere and it will take a while to get to if you uses the roads. Depending on where in the country you take the train and at what time (peak times) the price will vary so it can be relatively cheap i f travelling from somewhere such as due north Devon to Exeter on a Saturday morning, moreover rather overpriced if travelling from London to Liver family at 5 o’clock on a weekday.\r\nHowever the time it takes to travel by train is a lot less than by road so this picking does appeal to people despite the price. Inbound tourists will not usually have a car or bus pass so the next survival is to travel by train. If inbound tourists are travelling around somewhere like London, they have the option of travelling to nigh anywhere in central and bullyer London. During the day prices can be quite cheap and a day tag to use the London Underground for an expectant is £8.80, this relatively cheap to be able to travel at any time as many times needed in one day. outward-bound tourists qualification use the rail service when travelling to the airport as it is the quickest way to travel there by land, this would mitigate the initial travel time as travelling by road takes l onger.\r\nThere are many trains travelling all over the country qualification it unaccented for anyone to get to anywhere they need by taking multiple train lines, this makes it easier for people that are travelling from quite far to reach the airport or transport port. outward-bound tourists from the UK may also use the Eurostar to travel from London to France as it is cheaper than flying. The Eurostar is quite luxurious as there are comfy chairs, a bar to get food and drink and comfortable toilets seats.\r\n motivity-sea\r\nThe UK is an island surrounded by piss so transport by sea as forever and a day been an important art of the travel and tourism pains. Ferries\r\nThe incline reassign apply to be the important mode of transport to the unstained cross the sea; however 50% of the mart was taken by the channel tunnel, further passenger ferries have also had some of the market taken by inexpensive shoot paths go cheap fares. It is a great deal cheaper to fly and hire a car rather than taking your own vehicle. capital of Delaware is the biggest port in the UK and in 1997 over 21 meg passengers passed by means of it; however, by 2003 numbers had declined to just under 15 million and have not since increased. Other ferry operators within the guide include Sea France and Brittany Ferries. Brittany Ferries operates on longer routes to France and Spain, for example Poole to Cherbourg, Plymouth to Santander and Portsmouth to Caen, St Malo or Cherbourg. Ferries also travel to the Channel Islands, for example Jersey and Guernsey. One of the master(prenominal) companies offering transport crossways the Channel is P&O, as some operators such as Hoverspeed and Speedferries have ceased operating. not all ferry travel is across the Channel, some other are:\r\nStranraer to capital of Northern Ireland\r\nFleetwood to Larne\r\nFishguard to Rosslare\r\nHolyhead to Dun Laoghaire\r\nHull to Zeebrugge\r\nHull to Rotterdam\r\nHolyhead to capital of Ire land\r\nPemboke to Rosslare\r\nDouglas to Liverpool\r\nRyde to Portsmouth\r\nDomestic tourists would use ferries when travelling within their own country, for example if you live within the UK you may take a ferry from St Mawes to Falmouth or Liverpool to London. A ferry may be used as it can be faster than travelling by car and you have the option of taking your vehicle with you. Ferries are a swell way to travel if taking a day trip if you are travelling to a small island off the coast. They can also be a way of peachy time off of your travel if you are travelling by car as you may need to get from one end of the coast to another and the mouth of a river is in the way, for example if you are travelling from Falmouth to St Mawes. Inbond tourists aptitude use ferries as a way of travelling around the country when travelling terminal to water.\r\nThey could also be used when heavy(a) tours, for example: if an inbound tourists visiting the UK treasured to go on a tour of capit al of the United Kingdom and see some of the sights, they world power take a ferry as this would give a tour of all of the hookings by the river Thames; this is considered a scenic route as you wouldn’t have to fear about the congestion on the roads. outward touristsmight use ferries to travel to a different country; such as someone travelling from the UK to France, they would use the channel ferry to travel from the country.\r\nA ferry might also be used by outbound tourists when travelling to the airport or dock to circulate the country. This would mostly be used by people who are travelling by public transport in areas surrounded by water as this would not be applicable to someone who lived in greater London travelling to heathrow airport, however this would be an option for someone who lived on an island or across a large river, for example: if you live on the isle of wight. Cruises\r\nThe journey effort is enjoying steady growth and as a result of this companies a re investing in new liners. Some of the new ships include the Azura, Queen Elizabethand Seabourn Odyssey introduced in 2010. May sheet companiesyou may have heard of are P&O Cruises, Cunard, regal Caribbean and Princess. In 2008 the number of Europeans taking journey holiday reached an all-time high, with the UK topping the name with the greatest number of cruise passengers, arrive at 1.5 million.Cruise companies are doing their trounce to reach new markets, such as families and younger people, rather than just the older age groups who traditionally take cruises. If there is a business failure then the Passenger rapture joining (PSA) provides finanicial protection to their customers.\r\nRiver cruises are also growing in democraticity especially those on the rivers Rhine, Moselle, Danube and the Nile. Domestic tourists may use cruises when travelling around their own country and wanting(p) to see other places along the coast. This would seem a more appealing option than t ravelling by coach or car as they would have activities to do on board whilst traveling to the next destination rather than macrocosm stuck in one position, they would also have somewhere to sleep on board whilst still travelling rather thyan having to stop at night and finding somewhere to stay. This would also cut time off of the trip as a whole. Inbound tourists may use a cruise when visiting another country to visit more places during their trip rather than staying in one place. This would be a good option for anyone who wants to see lots of different sights and visit different places.\r\nCruises will also allow people to relax whilst travelling usually by a swimming pool or doing activities, this is a good option for families as sometimes the children want to just play rather than looking around a town, so it is a good way for families to have the option. Outbound tourist may use a cruise when leaving the country to travel to another country. People will travel to a dockland a round the UK such as in Portsmouth, Liverpool or Dover and pick up a cruise ship to start their journey. They would visit different countries and leave those countries on the ship, most of the tourists time would be worn out(p) on the ship as all of their possessions are on the ship as well as a room and catering. However when visiting another country a day or two would be spent exploring the towns and experiencing the local culture and then returing to the ship at a certain time I come in to leave and visit the next destination. Transport-Air\r\nAirports\r\nThe major(ip) governance in airport willpower in the UK is the British Airport permission (BAA); it is owned by Airport education and Investment (ADI) Limited. BAA owns the airports at:\r\nLondon Heathrow\r\nLondon Stansted\r\nGlasgow\r\nEdinburgh\r\nAberdeen\r\nSouthampton\r\nNaples (65% stake)\r\nOver 140 million people travel through the six BAA airports every year in the UK. They also have stakes in other airports ou tside the UK, confirming sell management contracts at two airports in the USA. regional airports have grown in popularitywith airports such as Leeds Bradford and East Midlands offering many short-haul pips. An airport provides products and services to various groups of people and businesses, this can be entangled but profitable. Some examples of the products and services provided by an airport are: Airlines are provided with the space and services to operate their outflows. Customers are provided facilites such as restaurants and shops. Other businesses are provided with a location in which they can operate, for example, car hire,retailing or groung handling. The airports work hard to take note all of its groups and customers happy whilst earning revenue.\r\nDomestic tourists may use an airport when wanting to travel to a different destination by using a range of air passages, coach, bus or train. There are a range of travel options from an airport as they all interlink to m ake travelling easier for tourists, this is because airports are one of the most popular destinations within a country where tourists from the same country and internationally meet making it the perfect place to have a range of travelling options available at the tourists’ disposal. Inbound tourists use an airport when inletway another country; this is where they gain entry to that country by going through immergration and having their passports checked. There is also the option for partaking in some duty trim shopping, having something to eat or continuing on the tourists’ travels.\r\nThere is the option for joining a conecting flight, taking a train, hiring a car or using another form of transport. Outbound tourists may use an airport when traveling out of the country by air weather sheet. present they are checked in with their chosen air passage and have the opportunity to do some duty part with shopping just like if you were travelling from Heathrow airport from terminal 5. Here, the customer would have memory access to over 40 stores with duty free shopping along with a selection of restaurants and cafes before boarding their British Airways flight to wherever they are travelling to. Airlines\r\nall(a) UK skyways are privately owned. British Airways (BA) is one of the most famous airways in the world and is the largestin the UK and in terms of international schedule services. It flies to more than 200 widely distributed , however, in 2009 its passenger numbers had go by 4.3% due to the recession. British Airways main bases are at the London airports Gatwick and Heathrow terminal 5. The airline’s products include four different types of cabin service ranging from deliverance to Club origination. Other major UK airlines include British Midland and Virgin Atlantic, these are scheduled airlines; there are also many charter airlines such as Monarch and Thompson, however, Monarch also operates a a sechuled service. Hundreds of other airlines from all over the world fly in and out of UK airports, paying for the services they use.\r\nDomestic tourists may use airlines if they want to travel within the same country but want a fast alternative to driving. such(prenominal) as traveling within the UK from london to Edingburgh with Virgin Atlantic from £90 anticipate back ticket. By travelling by plane the use of a vehicle to travel to their destination would not be needed. With the cost of petrol/deisel to travel by car, plus food and other neccessities when travelling this would cost almost the same as flying, therefore if someone wants to spend more time in edingburgh for their trip rather then travelling then this is a good option. Inbound tourists would use an airline when ledger entry another country by plane. They would have had the option to obtain food or products on the plane when flying to their destination. They would of also received a good level of customer service when flying to the count ry to make sure that the customer has had the surpass experience possible and will hopefully fly again with that airline.\r\nOutbound tourists would use an airline when leaving a country to visit another. The first point of come across for them would be at check-in privileged the airport, they would not have contact with that airline staff again until boarding where they will take their seats on the plane. A safety presentation will be given to the passengers on board the plane, they will then be offered food and products to purchase on the aircraft. The whole time they have contact with any of the staff from the airline they will be judging them on their customer service skills and their overall experience flying with that company, this will determine if the airline gets repeat customers or not, how popular they are to consumers and their market share within the airline industriousness. Low-cost airlines\r\nThe whim behind low-cost airlines is too keep costs as low as possible, with few or no ‘extras’ on offer to the customer without further charge, this is so the low-cost operators can offer cheap flights. The low-cost airlines are scheduled airlines, for example easyjet and Ryanair. Domestic tourists may use a low-cost airline if they are taking a short-haul flight as they wouldn’t need any extras, eliminating most or all hidden costs. more or less of the time holdall luggage would not be needed cutting down the time spent at the airport.\r\nThis is a good option for people travelling for business purposes as it is quicker with less hassle to cl civilize luggage when entering arrivals at the customers destination. Inbound tourists would use a low-cost airline if they wanted to pay less for flights. By doing this more property can be spent on accommodation or used for spending on their trip. Also with less baggage in the holdall there will be less people trying to get their bags at baggage cl betoken making it easier for inbound tourists to get their bags and leave. Outbound tourist may use a low-cost airline as they would spend less time at the airport as the airline want to keep costs down. This means that the time lag time to board the plane would be cut down resulting in the travel time being cut down. legislation of air travel\r\nTe genteel Aviation Authority (CAA) is an independent statutory body who regulates the UK aviation sector. The Air fail Users Council (AUC) is the UK’s consumer council for air travellers; it recieves its funding from the CAA. Its job is to act as the independent vox for air passengers and aims to assist the CAA in help the interests of passengers. internal Air Traffic work (NATS) is responsible for air traffic control. It is a public/private partnership owned by the government and looks after the UK airspace, but also the eastern part of the North Atlantic. NATS handles more than 2 million flights a yea, carrying over 220 million passengers. The major air traff ic control centres are at Swanick in Hampshire and Prestwick in Ayrshire, but there are also contrl services at the country’s major airports. Domestic tourists, inbound tourists and domestic tourists would all be interested with the AUC as they look out for air passengers and make sure that the CAA are keeping an interest with their assengers no matter where they are traveling from or visiting.\r\nAttractions\r\nThe UK formally has 6500 visitor attractions which are important to both the domestic tourism market and the inbound tourism market. There are hundreds of different types of attractions, however they can be split up as follows. Natural Attractions\r\nThese include beaches, lakes and landscapes; in order to protect them some are designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs), national Parks or Heritage Coasts. Domestic tourists visit these cancel attractions as day trips because it is a cheap way to have a day out. These attractions are a good way to spend ti me with the family as you would only need to pay for petrol/deisel and food whereas with other attractions you have to pay for entry, food, drinks and travel. It is also a way to experience reputation at its best as when living in a city or town natural attractions are hard to come by. Inbound tourists may visit natural attractions as a way to experience the culture, countryside and the nature at a low cost. Outbound tourists wuld not visit a natural attraction if they were leaving the country, however they might visit one before they leave the country. Heritage Attractions\r\nIn the UK there is a range of by houses, often cared for by the National Trust or English Heritage. There are also museums and galleries such as Tate Britain and Tate Modern, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the National floor Museum in London and the National Media Museum in Bradford. Domestic tourists visit heritage attractions as a way to see the story within their own country. to the highest degree m useums are free and are a great learner resource for schools and people who have an interest within a certain subject matter. Inbound tourists would visit heritage attractions to learn about that countries history and culture. Most are free or charge a small fee but it is a great day out and is a popular option for most tourists. Domestic tourists would only visit a heritage attraction before they odd to travel to a different country. purposeful Attractions\r\nPurpose-built attractions can be historic also, such as museums as most are purpose- do. Some popular purpose-built attractions include nucleotide parks, for example the home park Thorpe Park. Domestic tourists may visit a theme\r\npark for a day out with friends and family as a treat as some can be really expensive to visit. However, most theme parks give you special deals such as a child under a certain age/height can enter for free, for example, thorpe park offers you a bounce back pass where you visit the park one day at full price but can purchase a pass to get to in the following day at a reduced rate. They also offer you the chance to purchase a merlin pass that can get you into a range of attractions around the UK for free when you purchase the pass. Inbound may visit a theme park for a day trip with children a a special day ouut. However some people visit a country just to go to a theme park such as Disney World or Disney Land. These holidays can cost a lot but are a good source of income for the parks. Outbound tourists may visit a purpose-built attraction before they leave a country to visit another. Events\r\nEvents such as the Edingburgh feast and the Notting Hill funfairnattract many visitors. There are events in the business tourism sector too, such as the World Travel Market. Domestic tourists visit festivals and carnivals as they enjoy the atmosphere that surrounds the event and is a great day out. Some events are a great way to raise money to a certain cause or even to fetch rev enue. The Notting Hill Carnival is very famous for bringing unneurotic lots of different ethnicities to one event as celebrating how diverse London is, this attracts many tourists both Domestic and Inbound. Domestic tourists may visit an event before leaving the country. connexions\r\nThe British Association of Leisure Parks, Piers and Attractions (BALPPA) was founded in 1936, it is non-profit-making whose agency is to represent the interests of owners, managers, suppliers and developers in the UK’s commercialleisure parks, piers, zoosand static attractions sector. The international Association of Amusements Parks and Attractions (IAAPA) is a similar organisation to BALPPA, but it is an international association and has members all over the world. The association promotes safe operations, planetary ripening, proffesional growth and commercial achievement in the amusement industry. Domestic, Inbound and Outbound tourists would all be interested in the IAAPA as this effe cts attractions all over the world, but only tourists who visit attractions in the UK would be interested with the BALPPA. ecstasy Operators\r\nThe role of tour operator is to put together all the different components that make up a holiday and sell them to the consumer as software program deals. They make contracts with hoteliers, airlines and other transport companies to produce these software package deals, these are then set forth in a brochure which is distributed either to travel promoters or directly to customers. Mass-market tour operators\r\nMass-market tour operators dominated the outbound market for years, these include: Thomson, startle resource and doubting Thomas take. Thomson and First Choice both travel t the parent company TUI. These major tour operators were considered to be mass-market tour operators as they sold similar holidays in packages that appealed to the mass of holidaymakers. However, specializer tour opperators sold more individually tailored holidays or specialized in one destination or activity, but today, many large tour operators also offer many specialist products. TUI AG is the largest travel group in the world, which does not just include tour operators. Thomson, for example, is also a travel dresser brand and an airline; First Choice has a major travel agent in its portfolio and its own branded airline. First choice offers holidays in destinations such as Majorca, Menorca, the Canaries, Spain, Turkey, Greece and the Caribbean. Winter sports destinations include France, Austria, Italy, Andorra, Bulgaria and Switzerland.\r\nThomas do also has travel agencies, airlines and hotels as well as tour operator brands. pilgrimage perators that offer air-inclusive packages are required by law to have Air Travel Organisers’ Licence (ATOL). This scheme protects air travellers and package holiday makers from losing money or being stranded abroad if air travel firms go out of business. When a tourist books a holiday the cost of this fiscal protection is included in the price. any package firm that includes a flight should by law hold a licence.\r\nDomestic tourists may use a tour operator when visiting a part of their own country that they have never seen before. They could then have a guided tour around an area that they want to visit and know more about. Inbound tourists may use a tour operator to help with their arrival to a new country, helping them to assure into their accommodation. They would also be given a tour of the local sights giving tourists an idea of things to do during their visit. Outbound tourists may use tour operators when travelling to their destination to leave the country as they would not have to find their own travel to the airport or docklands. Specialist tour operators\r\nSome tour operators specialise in incident destination, or a product, such as a diving holiday. Specialist tour operators respond well to the trend for sew holidays with their specialist product s. Some tour operators specialise in a certain destination, for example, Anatolian throw specialises in holidays in Turkey. Inbound tour operators cater for the needs of overseas visitors to the UK, an example is British Tours Ltd, which claims to be the longest-established inbound operator. It offers tours for different group sizes and has a ide variety of products icluding a Harry Potter tour. These tours are available in many languages. Domestic tour operators specialise in holidays within the UK for Uk residents, they include coach companies which place advertisments in the local newspapers. Similar to outbound operators they offer beach, city, touring and special-interest holidays. Tour operators association\r\nUKinbound is the transaction body which represents tour operators and tourism suppliers to the UK. It was founded in 1977 to represent the commercial and political interests of incoming tour operators and suppliers to British inbound tourism industry. It is a non-profi t-making body governed by an elected council and funded by its members and from revenue-generating activities. The Assocciation of Independent Tour Operators (AITO) is an organisation which represents one hundred sixty of the UK’s specialist tour operators. AITO members are independent companies, most of which are owner-managed, specialising in particular destinations or types of holiday. The Federation of Tour Operators (FTO) is an organisation for outbound tour operators, its aim is to ensure the long term success of the air-inclusive holiday. Members pay annual subscribtion based on the size of their organisation. The FTO produces health and safty guidelines for tour operators. The FTO has always worked very intimately with ABTA and the two organisation merged in 2008 to become ABTA- The Travel Association. Travel agents\r\nThe role of a travel agent is to give advice and nurture to sell bookings for a number of tour operators. They also sell flights, ferry bookings, ca r hire, insurance and accommodation as separate products. Travel agents may operate through:\r\nRetail shops\r\nBusiness shops\r\nA rallying cry centre\r\nThe internet\r\nMost travel agents are part of a multiple chain and these dominate the market. arrange such as Thomson and Thomas Cook are linked to tour operators and may try to prioritise their own company’s products. ABTA- The travel assocciation has operators as members, in 3009 it had over 900 members and represented over 5000 travel agencies. There has been a reduction in the amount of agency branches in the past few years as customers choose to buy travel and tourism products through other means, particularly through travel websites. Business travel agents\r\nBusiness travel agents specialise in the business market, they aim to handle all travel arrangements for large companies. ‘Implants’ are travel agents located within another business, they set up office within a company so that they are on hand to deal with travel arrangements for the company’s personnel. Doomestic, inbound and outbound tourists would only use a business travel agent if their was one within the company that they worked for and they were travelling for business needs. Call centres\r\nMore and more customers are booking holidays over the telephone or online rather than bu visiting a travel agent. Call centres are normaly in out-of-town areas where the rent and labour is cheaper, some companies have relocated to India to take advantage of the low costs.Some call centres are operator or airline owned and sell on behalf of that company only, others are specialist call centres and handle calls and bookings for many companies. Call centres rely on high staff productiveness to be successful, they motivate staff through incentives such as bonuses on gross gross revenue targets reached. Call answering time, call durations, sales and complaints ratios are carefully monitored. Domestic, Inbound and Outbound tour ists would all use a call centre when booking a holiday as it can be less hassle then going into a travel agents centre. On-line travel agents\r\nWebsites are the most up-to-date means of distributing travel and tourism products and services. Domestic, Inbound aand Outbound tourists would all use on-line travel agents as, similar to call centres, it can be less hassle than going into travel agents centre. It is also easier to compare prices and deals.\r\nTourism development and procession\r\nThe development and promotion of tourism in the UK is mostly undertaken by organisations in the public sector such as VisitBritain and VisitWales. indoors the public sector in the UK, the Developmet for Culture, Media and entertainment (DCMS) is responsible for reenforcement the tourism industry at a national level. The surgical incision for Transport looks after avition, railways, roads and the London Underground. The Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) has responsibility f or sector skills councils and nurture organisations. The department for the Environment, Food and Rural personal business (DEFRA) is responsible for issues affecting the countryside, wildlife and waterways.\r\nThe UK has four tourist boards: VisitBritain, VisitScotland, the Northern Ireland Tourist Board (NITB) and VisitWales. VisitBritain reports to the DCMS; VisitWales reports to the National Assembly for Wales and VisitScotland reports to the Scottish Executive. The NITB reports to the Northern Ireland Assembly. The overseas offices work closely with British diplomatical and cultural staff, the local travel trade and media, to stimulate interest in the UK. another(prenominal) example of the role of VisitBritain is its campaign to stoop high-spending tourists to come to the UK, it is imortant that inbound tourists spend money and boost the UK economy. Regional Development Agencies (RDAs)\r\nRDA’s have responsibility for tourism in their regions and usually work closely w ith Regional Delivery Partners (RDPs). There are ball club RDAs in England; an RDA has a regional economic and regional economic and regional tourism strategy. RDPs are responsible for delivering the strategies, sometime the partners are tourists boards with a different name to justify what they do. An example is VisitManchester, an organisation that looks after tourism development, business tourism, leisure touriism and isitor services in Manchester. The government replaced RDAs with local economic partnerships (LEPs), this happened in March 2012 with the LEPsto cover smaller areas than the RDAs. topical anesthetic Authority tourism development\r\n local Authorities play an important part in supporting the tourism industry because tourism is a major subscriber towards the economy. Most towns have have a Tourist Inormation Centre (TIC) subsidised by the local council. The TIC provies a full information service for both residents and visitors, it gives information on visitor att ractions and on accommodations. It usually provides a booking service for accommodation and often incorporates a shop selling localy made crafts and gifts, as well as books of local interest. The shop is a way of generating bills for the local community. Trade associations and regulatory bodies\r\nThe Association of Independent Tour Operations (AITO), and other trade associations and regulatory bodies have a role to play in development and promotion. They represent the interests of their members and help them operate successfully in business. Ancillary services\r\nThis term refers to organisations that do not have a direct role in travel and tourism, but play a supporting role. Examples include insurance companies that offer travel insurance and car parks operators that provide parking facilities at airports as well as in other locations.\r\n'